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A verb is
a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of
being or condition. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us
what the subject performs. Verbs are the hearts of English sentences.
Examples:
o Jacob walks in
the morning. (A usual action)
o Mike is
going to school. (A condition of action)
o Albert does
not like to walk. (A negative action)
o Anna is a
good girl. (A state of being)
Verbs
are related to a lot of other factors like the subject, person, number, tense,
mood, voice, etc.
Basic Forms of Verbs
There
are six basic forms
of verbs. These forms are as follows:
o Base form: Children play in
the field.
o Infinitive: Tell them not to
play
o Past tense: They played football
yesterday.
o Past participle: I have eaten a
burger.
o Present participle: I saw them playing with
him today.
o Gerund: Swimming is the best exercise.
Different
Types of Verbs
·
Finitive Verbs
·
Non-finitive Verbs
·
Action Verbs
·
Linking Verbs
·
Auxiliary Verbs
·
Modal Verbs
Finite Verbs:
Finite verbs are the actual
verbs which are called the roots of sentences. It is a form of
a verb that is performed by or refers to a subject and uses
one of the twelve forms of tense and changes according to the
number/person of the subject.
Example:
o Alex went to
school. (Subject – Alex – performed the action in the past. This information is
evident only by the verb ‘went’.)
o Robert plays hockey.
o He is
playing for Australia.
o He is one
of the best players. (Here, the verb ‘is’ directly refers to the subject
itself.)
Non-finite Verbs:
Non-finite Verbs are not actual verbs.
They do not work as verbs in the sentence rather they work as nouns,
adjectives, adverbs, etc. Non-finite verbs do not change according to the
number/person of the subject because these verbs, also called verbals,
do not have any direct relation to the subject. Sometimes they become the
subject themselves.
The forms of non-finite verbs are – infinitive, gerund, and participle
(participles become finite verbs when they take auxiliary verbs.)
Example:
o Alex went abroad to
play (Infinitives)
o Playing cricket is his only job. (Present participle)
o I have a broken bat.
(Past participle)
o Walking is a good habit. (Gerund)
Action Verbs:
Action verbs indicate what the
subject of a sentence performs. Action verbs can make the listener/reader feel
emotions, see scenes more vividly and accurately.
Action
verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
Transitive verbs must have a direct object.
A transitive verb demands something/someone to be acted upon.
Example:
o I painted the
car. (The verb ‘paint’ demands an object to be painted)
o She is
reading the newspaper. (The verb ‘read’ asks the
question “what is she reading?” – the answer is the object)
Intransitive verbs do not act upon
anything. They may be followed by an adjective, adverb, preposition, or another
part of speech.
Example:
o She smiled.
(The verb ‘smile’ cannot have any object since the action of ‘smiling’ does not
fall upon anything/anyone)
o I wake up
at 6 AM. (No object is needed for this verb)
Note: {Subject
+ Intransitive verb} is sufficient to make a complete sentence but {Subject +
Transitive verb} is not sufficient because transitive verbs demand a direct
object.
Linking Verb:
A linking verb adds details
about the subject of a sentence. In its simplest form, it connects the subject
and the complement — that is, the words that follow the linking verb. It
creates a link between them instead of showing action.
Often, what is on each side of a linking verb is equivalent; the
complement redefines or restates the subject.
Generally, linking verbs are called ‘be’ verbs which
are - am,
is, are, was, were. However, there are some other verbs which can
work as linking verbs. Those verbs are:
Act, feel, remain, appear, become, seem,
smell, sound, grow, look, prove, stay, taste, turn.
Some verbs in this list can also be action verbs. To figure
out if they are linking verbs, you should try replacing them with forms of the be
verbs. If the changed sentence makes sense, that verb is a linking
verb.
Example:
o She appears ready
for the game. (She is ready
for the game.)
o The food seemed delicious.
(The food was delicious.)
o You look happy.
(You are happy.)
Auxiliary Verbs:
Auxiliary verbs are also called helping
verbs. An auxiliary verb extends
the main verb by helping to show time, tense, and possibility. The auxiliary
verbs are – be verbs, have, and do.
They are used in the continuous
(progressive) and perfect tenses.
Example:
o Alex is going
to school.
o They are walking
in the park.
o I have seen a movie.
o Do you drink tea?
o Don’t waste your time.
o Please, do submit
your assignments.
Modal Verbs:
A modal verb is
a kind of an auxiliary verb. It assists the main verb to indicate possibility,
potentiality, ability, permission, expectation, and obligation.
The modal verbs are can, could, must,
may, might, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
Example:
o I may want to talk to you
again.
o They must play
their best game to win.
o She should call
him.
o I will go there.
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